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<td nowrap="true" class="pageTitle">角色：测试员</td><td width="100%">
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<td valign="top">该角色实行测试并记录测试的结果。</td>
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<td>角色集：<a href="./../../core.base_rup/rolesets/testers_14D8F4F4.html" guid="_1yMJAN7YEdmjRZts2c4ZjQ">测试员</a></td>
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<div class="sectionHeading">关系</div>
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<td align="center" colspan="2" class="sectionTableSingleCell"><p><map name="测试员"><area href="./../../core.base_rup/tasks/implement_test_suite_94F58DEC.html" shape="rect" coords="210, 10, 242, 42" alt="实施测试套件" title="实施测试套件" guid="{1C759E0D-B364-4095-A7CF-CD9E39301689}"></area><area href="./../../core.base_rup/tasks/execute_test_suite_492795DE.html" shape="rect" coords="312, 10, 344, 42" alt="执行测试套件" title="执行测试套件" guid="{6B420194-5EB7-4A12-A061-09FAA5DC18DE}"></area><area href="./../../core.base_rup/workproducts/rup_test_log_50821860.html" shape="rect" coords="210, 87, 242, 119" alt="测试日志" title="测试日志" guid="{528F34BA-0118-40F3-8D29-DE60EF4183A6}"></area></map><img border="0" src="rup_tester_8ADFF3FA.jpg" alt="测试员" title="测试员" usemap="#测试员"/></p></td>
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<th scope="row" class="sectionTableHeading">修改</th><td class="sectionTableCell">
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<a href="./../../core.base_rup/workproducts/rup_test_suite_DA8938D2.html" guid="{33DE37A2-ECFE-483B-934B-629F5802F87C}">测试套件</a>
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<a href="./../../core.base_rup/workproducts/rup_test_log_50821860.html" guid="{528F34BA-0118-40F3-8D29-DE60EF4183A6}">测试日志</a>
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<th scope="row" class="sectionTableHeading">流程使用情况</th><td class="sectionTableCell" colspan="1">
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<a href="./../../core.base_rup/capabilitypatterns/test_7EF99F54.html" guid="{35359DDF-6361-43E5-8B1B-18D204DA8CFF}">测试</a>
									&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;
								<a href="./../../core.base_rup/capabilitypatterns/validate_build_stability_72BD9103.html" guid="{0AE0042B-034C-4296-9FA0-D9DCC61FC7B4}">验证工作版本的稳定性</a>
									&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;
								<a href="./../../core.base_rup/capabilitypatterns/rup_tester_E8F821D1.html" guid="_CSvwgRi2Edq_uI8xTPML6g">测试员</a>
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<a href="./../../core.base_rup/capabilitypatterns/test_7EF99F54.html" guid="{35359DDF-6361-43E5-8B1B-18D204DA8CFF}">测试</a>
									&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;
								<a href="./../../core.base_rup/capabilitypatterns/verify_test_approach_A743008A.html" guid="{7BD514AF-19F9-408F-8279-309BD153C157}">验证测试方法</a>
									&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;
								<a href="./../../core.base_rup/capabilitypatterns/rup_tester_1F053E21.html" guid="_CT5ACRi2Edq_uI8xTPML6g">测试员</a>
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<li>
<a href="./../../core.base_rup/capabilitypatterns/test_7EF99F54.html" guid="{35359DDF-6361-43E5-8B1B-18D204DA8CFF}">测试</a>
									&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;
								<a href="./../../core.base_rup/capabilitypatterns/improve_test_assets_1C99FFB9.html" guid="{CD77CBDA-CC13-4593-BB81-41AF3FF7A84C}">改善测试资产</a>
									&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;
								<a href="./../../core.base_rup/capabilitypatterns/rup_tester_C6E9AC4C.html" guid="_CUdnwRi2Edq_uI8xTPML6g">测试员</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="./../../core.base_rup/capabilitypatterns/test_7EF99F54.html" guid="{35359DDF-6361-43E5-8B1B-18D204DA8CFF}">测试</a>
									&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;
								<a href="./../../core.base_rup/capabilitypatterns/test_and_evaluate_4D17BD6A.html" guid="{93B7D625-C83A-4EFB-9772-B88F2EB02CE2}">测试和评估</a>
									&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;
								<a href="./../../core.base_rup/capabilitypatterns/rup_tester_2A29A9A2.html" guid="_CWqAIRi2Edq_uI8xTPML6g">测试员</a>
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<div class="sectionHeading">主要描述</div>
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<td class="sectionTableSingleCell"><a id="Top" name="Top"></a><a id="XE_tester_(role)__description_of" name="XE_tester_(role)__description_of" class="index" key="测试员（角色）（tester）" text="描述"></a><a id="Description" name="Description"></a> 
<p>
    角色将执行任务和开发工作产品的职责组织成逻辑组。每个角色都可以被分配给一个或多个人，而每个人也可以充当一个或多个角色。为<a class="PresentationName" href="./../../core.base_rup/roles/rup_tester_8ADFF3FA.html" guid="{A719CEAE-35FB-42F6-A076-F501B83E5B85}">测试员</a>角色配备人员时，需要同时考虑该角色所需的技能和为该角色分配人员时所能采取的不同方法。
</p>
<p>
    我们建议您阅读 Kaner、Bach 和 Pettichord 的 <i>Lessons Learned in Software Testing</i> <a href="#KAN01"><u><font     color="#0000ff">[KAN01]</font></u></a>，该书完美收集了测试团队需要考虑的重要问题。对于测试员角色特别重要的是 <i>The Role of the test group</i>、<i>Thinking
    like a tester</i> 和 <i>Bug advocacy</i> 这几章。
</p></td>
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<div class="sectionHeading">人员配备</div>
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<th scope="row" class="sectionTableHeading">技能</th><td class="sectionTableCell"><a id="Skills" name="Skills"></a> 
<p>
    根据正在执行的测试类型的不同和项目生命周期阶段的不同，所需的知识和技能可能会有所不同，但一般而言，扮演<a class="PresentationName" guid="{A719CEAE-35FB-42F6-A076-F501B83E5B85}">测试员</a>角色的人员应具备以下技能：
</p>
<div>
    <ul>
        <li>
            有关测试方法和技术的知识
        </li>
        <li>
            诊断及问题解决技能
        </li>
        <li>
            有关当前接受测试的系统或应用程序的知识（需要）
        </li>
        <li>
            有关网络和系统体系结构的知识（需要）
        </li>
    </ul>
</div>
<p>
    在需要自动化测试的时候，除了上述技能之外，还要考虑以下技能：
</p>
<div>
    <ul>
        <li>
            在适当使用测试自动化工具方面接受的培训
        </li>
        <li>
            使用测试自动化工具的经验
        </li>
        <li>
            编程技能
        </li>
        <li>
            调试和诊断技能
        </li>
    </ul>
</div>
<p>
    该角色主要负责：
</p>
<div>
    <ul>
        <li>
            识别最适合给定测试的实施方法
        </li>
        <li>
            实施个别测试
        </li>
        <li>
            设置和执行测试
        </li>
        <li>
            记录结果和验证测试执行
        </li>
        <li>
            分析执行错误并从中恢复
        </li>
    </ul>
</div></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<th scope="row" class="sectionTableHeading">分配方法</th><td class="sectionTableCell"><a id="RoleAssignmentApproaches" name="RoleAssignmentApproaches"></a> 
<p>
    可以通过以下方法分配<a class="PresentationName" guid="{A719CEAE-35FB-42F6-A076-F501B83E5B85}">测试员</a>角色：
</p>
<div>
    <ul>
        <li>
            分配一名或多名测试团队成员来同时扮演<a class="PresentationName" guid="{A719CEAE-35FB-42F6-A076-F501B83E5B85}">测试员</a>角色和测试分析人员角色。这是一种相当标准的方法，尤其适合小团队和由一些技能水平相对一致的有经验的<a class="PresentationName" guid="{A719CEAE-35FB-42F6-A076-F501B83E5B85}">测试员</a>组成的任何规模的测试团队。
        </li>
        <li>
            分配一名或多名测试团队成员仅扮演<a class="PresentationName" guid="{A719CEAE-35FB-42F6-A076-F501B83E5B85}">测试员</a>角色。这对于大团队很有效，并且在某些测试人员的测试自动化经验比其他团队成员的经验丰富的情况下也有助于划分职责。
        </li>
    </ul>
</div><!---<p>[[[Also need to provide some guidance on how to staff based on the specialized 
  testing skills required - "Load" Testing, Functional Testing, Web-Site Structural 
  Testing, Installation, Unit Testing (use of PQC type tools) etc.]]]</p>=-->
<p>
    还要注意，具体的技能需求因正在进行的测试的类型不同而有所不同。例如，成功使用系统装入测试自动化工具所需要的技能就不同于系统功能测试的自动化所需要的技能。
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